Evaluation of Dyslipidaemia and Atherogenic Index in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Facility
Published: 2024-02-23
Page: 26-33
Issue: 2024 - Volume 7 [Issue 1]
O. R. Omole
Department of Nursing, Coventry University, United Kingdom.
I. E. Okeji
Department of General Medicine, North Cumbria Integrated Care, NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
J. E. Odarah
JBS Gerontology Centre and Medicare Services, Lekki, Lagos State, Nigeria.
U. J. Ogbonna
Clinical Class 3, Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Nigeria.
J. E. Areh
Department of Emergency Medicine, Warrington and Halton Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
D. O. Anele
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gregory University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.
N. B. Zurmi
School of Public Health, Texila American University, Guyana.
C. E. Ijioma
Department of Family Medicine, Abia State Specialist Hospital and Diagnostic Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria.
A. C. Amuta
Prince George’s County Health Department, 1701 McCormick Drive, USA.
J. O. Orji
Department of Acute Medicine, University Hospital of Derby and Burton, NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
J. C. Okereke
Department of Paedriatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.
O. Austin-Jemifor
Internal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
U. E. Ojumonu
Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Nigeria.
I. O. Abali
Department of Surgery, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria.
A. I. Airaodion *
Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidaemia is a common complication of CKD, contributing to cardiovascular events. This study aims to assess dyslipidaemia and the atherogenic index in CKD patients at various stages in a tertiary health facility in Southern Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted, enrolling 200 participants, including 50 healthy individuals as controls and 150 CKD patients (stages 3 to 5). Exclusion criteria encompassed viral hepatitis, HIV, malignancy, life-threatening illnesses, liver diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were analyzed for urea, creatinine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL-Cholesterol. Calculations included LDL, VLDL, LDL/HDL ratio, and the atherogenic index. eGFR was measured using the MDRD equation. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS (version 22.0) with one-way ANOVA.
Results: CKD patients exhibited significant alterations in renal parameters compared to controls (p < 0.05). The lipid profile of CKD patients showed elevated total cholesterol, reduced HDL-Cholesterol, increased LDL-Cholesterol, elevated LDL/HDL ratio, elevated VLDL-Cholesterol, and elevated triglycerides (p < 0.05). Atherogenic index significantly increased with advancing CKD stages (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study highlights the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in CKD patients, with a notable increase in the atherogenic index as the disease progresses. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring lipid profiles in CKD patients for cardiovascular risk assessment. Further research is warranted to explore interventions targeting dyslipidaemia in this population.
Keywords: Atherogenic Index, cardiovascular risk, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidaemia, lipid profile